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| 参考设计4162
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基于MAX5941B PWM控制器的用电(PD)模块参考设计 |
摘要:本应用笔记给出了一个IEEE® 802.3af兼容的12.95W可调输出用电模块参考设计。该模块基于MAX5941B PWM控制器,同时带有热插拔电源开关、DC-DC转换器和一对兼容于12V外部适配器的“或”逻辑二极管桥,安装在12cm²的PCB上。本文详细描述了模块性能,并提供了该设计的原理图、PCB布局及元件列表。

概述
本应用笔记介绍了一个IEEE 802.3af兼容的以太网供电(PoE)系统中的用电设备(PD)模块。此模块基于MAX5941B PoE接口/PWM控制器,所提供的PD带有信号检测、可配置分类信号(可选)、可编程欠压锁定(UVLO)以及具有可编程浪涌电流控制的隔离开关。
MAX5941B PD模块安装在一个12cm²的PCB上,包括热插拔电源开关、DC-DC转换器和一对兼容于外部12V适配器的ORing二极管桥。简而言之,它提供了构建DC-DC、固定频率、隔离式PD电源所需的全部功能,可用于如IP电话、无线接入节点、安全相机。
典型应用
MAX5941B PD模块适合多种应用。图1给出了将来自交换机的数据输出连接到中跨输入的典型应用。然后,中跨将电源添加到每一个支持PoE的输出。
本例中,端口1连接到以太网相机,端口2连接到一个无线接入点。当中跨打开(或当器件连接)时,中跨检查每个输出的PoE信号。该模块将端口1及端口2的外设识别为有效的PoE设备,中跨为外设提供数据和电源。
中跨连续监测每个输出,以观察是否已添加或移除有效的PoE设备。由于本例中其他端口没有PoE信号,因此中跨仅向连接的周边设备传递数据。
 图1. 典型应用中,来自交换机的数据输出连接至中跨,通过中跨将电源添加到数据线上,实现以太网供电。
特性
- 兼容IEEE 802.3af
- 36V至60V输入电压范围
- 12V/1A输出
- 无最小负载要求
- 小尺寸SIL封装
- 低输出纹波及噪声
- 高效率用电设备
- 无需外部电容
- 可调输出电压
- 低成本
- 1500V隔离(输入至输出)
- 板上“或”逻辑二极管,带外部12V适配器
引脚说明

图2. 引脚排列
表1. 引脚说明
| Pin Number |
Name |
Description |
| 1 |
VA1 |
Rx Input (1) This input pin is used in conjunction with VA2 and connects to the center tap of the transformer connected to pins 1 and 2 of the RJ45 connector (Rx)—it is not polarity sensitive. |
| 2 |
VA2 |
Tx Input (2) This input pin is used in conjunction with VA1 and connects to the center tap of the transformer connected to pins 3 and 6 of the RJ45 connector (Tx)—it is not polarity sensitive. |
| 3 |
VB1 |
Direct Input (1) This input pin is used in conjunction with VB2 and connects to pins 4 and 5 of the RJ45 connector—it is not polarity sensitive. |
| 4 |
VB2 |
Direct Input (2) This input pin is used in conjunction with VB1 and connects to pins 7 and 8 of the RJ45 connector—it is not polarity sensitive. |
| 5 |
CP1 |
Class Programming (1) Connecting an external resistor to CP2 will change the current class of the module. With no resistor fitted the module will default to Class 0. |
| 6 |
CP2 |
Class Programming (2) Connecting an external resistor to CP1 will change the current class of the module. With no resistor fitted the module will default to Class 0. |
| 7 |
GND |
Ground The ground return for the output. |
| 8 |
VOUT |
DC Output This pin provides the regulated output voltage from the DC-DC converter. |
| 9 |
ADJ |
Output Adjust The output voltage can be adjusted from its nominal output by connecting an external resistor from this pin to either the VOUT pin or GND pin. |
| 10 |
N.C. |
No Connection This pin is not connected internally. |
功率分级
功率分级用于PD向供电设备(PSE)指示其自身功率需求的。MAX5941B模块允许通过连接在CP1的CP2之间的电阻外部编程电流分级,如图3所示。如果没有安装电阻器,模块将默认为0级。表2提供了编程电阻值的完整清单。

图3. 设置功率分级时,需在引脚CP1和CP2间接电阻
表2. 编程功率分级的电阻值
| Class |
Programming Resistance (Ω) |
Minimum Power (W) |
Maximum Power (W) |
| 0 |
Do not fit |
0.44 |
12.95 |
| 1 |
770 |
0.44 |
3.84 |
| 2 |
388 |
3.84 |
6.49 |
| 3 |
242 |
6.49 |
12.95 |
| 4 |
161 |
Reserved |
Reserved |
可调节输出
MAX5941B PD模块的ADJ引脚可将输出电压在标称值附近上下微调。调节输出电压时,在ADJ引脚与GND或VOUT之间连接电阻(图4)。用公式1和2可计算出实现预期的上调电压及下调输出电压所需的电阻值。


其中VTRIM_UP为预期的上调输出电压,VTRIM_DOWM为预期的下调输出电压。

图4. 调节输出电压时,ADJ引脚与GND之间(上调)或VOUT之间(下调)连接电阻。

图5A. 上调输出电压曲线

图5. 下调输出电压曲线
与外部12V适配器的典型连接
通常情况下,PD与适配器配合使用,每个输出端串接一个二极管,如图6所示。

图6. 传统方案中,用电设备连接到适配器,每个输出端串接一个二极管。
对于MAX5941B PD模块,内置了输出二极管D1。如果PD单独使用,用一个0Ω电阻取代该二极管,以提高效率。图7为板上“或”逻辑二极管D1的位置。

图7. 在MAX5941B PD模块中内部二极管D1的位置
该模块只需要一个外部电容,如图8所示;至少需要1µF陶瓷电容。

图8. 典型连接电路图中,外部电容连接在GND和VOUT之间
电气特性
表3. 极限参数
| Parameter |
Min |
Typ |
Max |
Units |
| DC Supply Voltage |
-0.3 |
|
60 |
V |
| DC Supply Voltage Surge for 1ms |
-0.6 |
|
80 |
V |
| Storage Temperature |
-40 |
|
+100 |
°C |
工作在超过“极限参数”中所列出的条件下将可能引起模块的永久损坏。这里只指的是极限参数,并不是意味着在这些条件下或超过这些条件下模块能正常工作。器件工作在极限参数条件下过长时间将影响模块的可靠性。
表4. 推荐工作条件
| Parameter |
Min |
Typ |
Max |
Units |
| Input Supply Voltage |
36 |
48 |
60 |
V |
| Undervoltage Lockout |
30 |
|
36 |
V |
| Operating Temperature |
-40 |
25 |
+85 |
°C |
表5. 直流电气特性
| Parameter |
Min |
Typ |
Max |
Units |
| Nominal Output Voltage (Without the ORing Diode) |
11.76 |
12 |
12.24 |
V |
| Output Current |
0 |
|
1 |
A |
| Output Ripple and Noise |
|
|
250 |
mV |
| Efficiency Without the ORing Diode (48V Input, 1A Output) |
|
85 |
|
% |
| Efficiency with the ORing Diode (48V Input, 1A Output) |
|
82 |
|
% |
| Isolation Voltage |
|
|
1500 |
V |
波形

图9. 输出纹波和噪声

图10. 开启与关断

图11. 瞬态响应
器件列表
表6. 器件列表
| Designation |
Qty |
Description |
| C1, C2, C6, C17 |
4 |
10µF 25V ceramic capacitor 1206 TDK C3216X5R1E106K MURATA GRM31CR61E106KA12 |
| C3 |
1 |
680pF 100V ceramic capacitor 0603 TDK C1608X7R2A682K |
| C4 |
1 |
100pF 50V ceramic capacitor 0603 |
| C5, C7, C23 |
3 |
0.1µF 50V ceramic capacitor 0603 |
| C9 |
1 |
10µF 100V aluminium electrolytic capacitor SANYO 100CE10FS |
| C10 |
1 |
1000pF 1.5kV ceramic capacitor 1808 TDK C4520X7R3D102K |
| C12, C25 |
2 |
0.1µF 100V ceramic capacitor 1206 TDK C3216X7R2A104K |
| C13 |
1 |
220µF 25V aluminium electrolytic capacitor SANYO 25CE220FSA |
| C14 |
1 |
1000pF 100V ceramic capacitor 0805 TDK C2012X7R2A102K |
| C19 |
1 |
2.2µF 10V ceramic capacitor 0603 MURATA GRM188R61A225KE34 |
| C22 |
1 |
6800pF 50V ceramic capacitor 0603 |
| C28 |
1 |
4700pF 50V ceramic capacitor 0603 |
| D1, D2 |
2 |
Bridge rectifier DIODES HD01-T |
| D4, D6 |
2 |
Diode 200mA 250V SOD323 DIODES BAV21WS |
| D5, D13 |
2 |
60V Schottky rectifier SMA DIODES B360A |
| D7 |
1 |
SMT LED Lamp 0603 FAIRCHILD QTLP600C-Y |
| D8 |
1 |
Transient voltage suppressor DIODES SMAJ54A |
| R1 |
1 |
20Ω ±1% resistor 0603 |
| R5 |
1 |
270mΩ ±1% resistor 1206 |
| R9 |
1 |
470Ω ±1% resistor 0603 |
| R10 |
1 |
10Ω ±1% resistor 1206 |
| R11, R17 |
2 |
10kΩ ±1% resistor 0603 |
| R12 |
1 |
20kΩ ±1% resistor 0603 |
| R14 |
1 |
25.5kΩ ±1% resistor 1206 |
| R15 |
1 |
Not used |
| R16 |
1 |
0Ω ±1% resistor 1206 |
| R18 |
1 |
1kΩ ±1% resistor 0805 |
| R22 |
1 |
9.53kΩ ±1% resistor 0603 |
| R23 |
1 |
2.49kΩ ±1% resistor 0603 |
| R24, R31 |
2 |
2.5kΩ ±1% resistor 0603 |
| R25, R27 |
2 |
1kΩ ±1% resistor 0603 |
| R26 |
1 |
4.75kΩ ±1% resistor 0603 |
| R28 |
1 |
33kΩ ±1% resistor 0805 |
| R30 |
1 |
4.7Ω ±1% resistor 0805 |
| Q1 |
1 |
MOSFET 150V SO-8 IR IRF7465TR |
| U2 |
1 |
IC Optocoupler NEC PS2801-1-F4-R-A |
| U3 |
1 |
IC VREF 2.5V 0.4% SOT-23 AAC AZ431AN-A |
| U5 |
1 |
PWM controller for PD MAXIM MAX5941BESE |
| T1 |
1 |
Transformer NP:NS:NB = 35:16:20 LP = 122µH
GA3271-AL Coilcraft |
变压器设计

图12. 变压器电气原理图
表7. 电气参数
| Parameter |
Conditions |
Value |
| Electrical Strength |
50Hz 1 minute, from pins 1–3, 10–12 to pins 5–8 |
1500VRMS |
| Primary Inductance |
Pins 1, 12; all windings open. Measure at 275kHz |
120µH ±10% |
| Primary Leakage Inductance |
Pins 1, 12; rest of pins shorted. Measure at 275kHz |
3µH (max) |
表8. 材料
| Item |
Description |
| 1 |
Core: EFD15, PC40. Manufacturer: TDK |
| 2 |
Bobbin: EFD15 coil former (SMD), 12 pins |
| 3 |
Tape: 8.9mm wide insulation tape |
| 4 |
Magnet wire: 0.25mm diameter with 150°C |
| 5 |
Magnet wire: 0.27mm diameter with 150°C |
| 6 |
Magnet wire: 0.10mm diameter with 150°C |
| 7 |
Varnish |
| Note |
All wires include insulation |

图13. 变压器构造图
表9. 变压器结构组成
| Step |
Description |
| Primary NP1 |
Start at pin 1. Wind 35 turns of item 4 in approximately 1 layer. Finish on Pin 12 |
| Insulation |
Use 1 layer of item 3 for insulation |
| 12V Winding |
Start at pins 6 and 5. Wind 16 turns of 2 parallel strands of item 5. Finish at pins 7 and 8 |
| Insulation |
Use 1 layer of item 3 for safety insulation |
| Primary NP2 |
Start at pin 2. Wind 35 turns of item 4 in approximately 1 layer. Finish on pin 11 |
| Insulation |
Use one layer of item 3 for safety insulation |
| Bias Winding |
Start at pin 3. Wind 20 turns of item 6. Spread turns evenly across bobbin. Finish at pin 10 |
| Outer Wrap |
Wrap windings with 2 layers of item 3 |
| Final Assembly |
Assemble and secure core halves. Varnish impregnate with item 9 |
IEEE是美国电子和电器工程师协会的注册服务标志。

| 相关型号 | |
APP 4162: Jul 15, 2008
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